Women of the Black Arts Movement

The Black Arts Movement began in the 1960s and lasted through the 1970s. The movement was founded by Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones) following the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965. Literary critic Larry Neal argues that the Black Arts Movement was the â€Å"aesthetic and spiritual sister of Black Power.† Like the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Arts Movement was an important literary and artistic movement that influenced African-American thought. During this time period, several African-American publishing companies, theaters, journals, magazines, and institutions were established. The contributions of African-American women during the Black Arts Movement cannot be ignored as many explored themes such as racism, sexism, social class, and capitalism. Sonia Sanchez Wilsonia Benita Driver was born on September 9, 1934, in Birmingham. Following the death of her mother, Sanchez lived with her father in New York City. In 1955, Sanchez earned a bachelor’s in political science from Hunter College (CUNY). As a college student, Sanchez began writing poetry and developed a writer’s workshop in lower Manhattan. Working with Nikki Giovanni, Haki R. Madhubuti, and Etheridge Knight, Sanchez formed the â€Å"Broadside Quartet.† Throughout her career as a writer, Sanchez has published more than 15 collections of poetry including Morning Haiku  (2010); Shake Loose My Skin: New and Selected Poems  (1999); Does Your House Have Lions? (1995); Homegirls Handgrenades  (1984); I’ve Been a Woman: New and Selected Poems  (1978); A Blues Book for Blue Black Magical Women  (1973); Love Poems  (1973); We a BaddDDD People  (1970); and Homecoming  (1969). Sanchez has also published several plays including Black Cats Back and Uneasy Landings  (1995), I’m Black When I’m Singing, I’m Blue When I Ain’t  (1982),  Malcolm Man/Don’t Live Here No Mo’ (1979), Uh Huh: But How Do It Free Us?  (1974), Dirty Hearts ‘72  (1973), The Bronx Is Next  (1970), and  Sister Son/ji  (1969). A children’s book author, Sanchez has written A Sound Investment and Other Stories  (1979), The Adventures of Fat Head, Small Head, and Square Head  (1973), and It’s a New Day: Poems for Young Brothas and Sistuhs  (1971). Sanchez is a retired college professor who resides in Philadelphia. Audre Lorde Writer Joan Martin argues in Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation that Audre Lorde’s work â€Å"rings with passion, sincerity, perception, and depth of feeling.† Lorde was born in New York City to Caribbean parents. Her first poem was published in Seventeen magazine. Throughout her career, Lorde published in several collections including  New York Head Shop and Museum  (1974),  Coal  (1976),  and The Black Unicorn (1978). Her poetry often reveals themes dealing with love, and lesbian relationships. As a self-described â€Å"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet,† Lorde explores social injustices such as racism, sexism, and homophobia in her poetry and prose. Lorde died in 1992. bell hooks bell hooks was born Gloria Jean Watkins  on September 25, 1952, in Kentucky. Early in her career as a writer, she began using the pen name bell hooks in honor of her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. Most of hooks’ work explores the connection between race, capitalism, and gender. Through her prose, Hooks argues that gender, race, and capitalism all work together to oppress and dominate people in society. Throughout her career, hooks has published more than thirty books, including the noted Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism in 1981. In addition, she has published articles in scholarly journals and mainstream publications. She appears in documentaries and films as well. hooks notes that her greatest influences have been abolitionist Sojourner Truth along with Paulo Freire and Martin Luther King, Jr. hooks is a Distinguished Professor of English at the City College of the City University of New York. Sources Evans, Mari. Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation. Paperback, 1 edition, Anchor, August 17, 1984. Hooks, Bell. Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. 2 Edition, Routledge, October 16, 2014.

Genetic Engineering Of People How Dna Is Located,...

Genetic Engineering of People: How DNA is Located, Extracted and Amplified Eric Ottoson Chemeketa Community College Abstract Genetic engineering is controversial topic of discussion amongst many circles today. The benefits can be laid out to its untold potential, but there are lines that are superimposed from moral standpoints and personal ethics. The idea resonating in these circles brings to light the availability to be able to selectively choose your offspring and specific features that you may want them to have. This entire idea starts at the very beginning of where life is formed. DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic finger print that is found in every living organism. The initial discovery of DNA was first†¦show more content†¦The original identification of DNA was by a Swiss chemist named Friedrich Miescher. In 1869, Miescher labeled a â€Å"nuclein† inside a human white blood cells nucleus. His term was later changed to nucleic acid which eventually leads to the term we know today at deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (Pray, 2008). B. DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell. Inside each nucleus of a cell is two meters of DNA. The genetic makeup of DNA consists of chemical building blocks of nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of three bases: phosphate, sugar and nitrogen. The nitrogen bases found in nucleotides are: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. The order of these bases determines what biological instructions are contained in a strand of DNA (Genome.gov, 2014). Adenine pairs with thymine in a two hydrogen bonds while cytosine and guanine pair with three hydrogen bonds (Pray, 2008). The phosphate and sugar bases make up the backbone of the double helix design of a DNA stand. Each backbone contains covalent bonds the hold the structure together. These bonds run anti- parallel forming the sides of the double helix. DNA contains sequences that generate proteins that are called genes. These genes are strings of amino acids that contain instructions for the function of what each

Gender Roles Essay Thesis Example For Students

Gender Roles Essay Thesis Gender Bias in LiteratureMen Fix ThingsGirls Have Dolls-Shirley B. ErnstI have thought about many different ways to organize this paper and have come to the conclusion that the best way to approach the topic is on a book-by-book basis. My perceptions of the gender biases in these books vary greatly and I did not want to begin altering my views on each so that they would fit into certain contrived connections. What interests me most in these stories is how the authors utilize certain characters within their given environment. Their instincts and reactions are a wonderful window into how the authors perceive these people would interact with their surroundings and often are either rewarded or punished by the author through consequences in the plot for their responses. Through this means we can see how the authors expect their characters to behave in relation to their post in the world. We must be very careful as readers to judge these biases based only on evidence within the text and no t invent them from our own psyche due to the individual world we know. In Louis Sachars award winning book Holes, we see gender biases in many characters. The first and most obvious bias in this book can be found in the way Sachars characters address Mr. Pendanski, one of the staff members at Camp Green Lake. Many of the boys refer to him sarcastically as mom, and it is not because of his loving nature. Mr. Pendanski is neurotic about things the boys consider trivial and he has a tendency to nag them. Because Mr. Pendanski is portrayed as the antithesis of Mr. Sir, who simply drips testosterone, others view him as a female for his weakness. The fact that Sachar allows his characters to equate weakness with femininity, or more accurately motherhood, shows a certain bias towards the supposed strength that innately accompanies masculinity. This attitude is only furthered by the fact that the rest of the book as almost totally devoid of female characters other than the witch-like caricature presented to us in the form of the warden. She comes complete with a vicious disposition and poisonous fingernails. The most interesting part of this bias is that the boys chose to name Mr. Pendanski mom in light of their own personal family histories. I think it can safely be assumed that not many of these boys had a functional relationship with their parents or they probably would not be in Camp Green Lake to begin with. These boys chose to place Mr. Pendanski, a whiny and unrespected man in the grand scheme of things at camp, in the role of mother. They did not turn to the only woman present at the camp, nor the man who disciplines them each day, to fill their maternal needs. Instead they turn to the weakest figure in their lives and mock him by referring to him as a woman. This demonstrates to us that Sachar considers femininity a weakness in this world and has no issues showing us. As Ernst wrote, How easy is it to relegate girls to second class citizens when they are seen as second-class citizens, or not at all (Ernst 67). This point is only furthered by the fact that the only woman present is such a fairy tale character. She is portrayed to us as all but a sorceress and it can be assumed she has taken on this persona in order to survive in a predominately male post in a totally male dominated environment. Even in our class it was evident that many readers were taken aback by the fact that Sachar chose to make his warden a female. And so it again can be seen that Sachar has imparted onto us a bias that a real woman could not function in this world so he had to invent a completely fictional and grandiose one. With all the other characters in the book appearing so human, it seems obvious he turned the warden into a beast because he felt he had to. .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 , .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .postImageUrl , .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 , .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8:hover , .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8:visited , .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8:active { border:0!important; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8:active , .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8 .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u551212a360adad1050b77fa79827c1a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edgar Allen Poe: The Raven EssayIn What Jamie Saw, by Carolyn Coman, gender bias shows itself in a new way. In this book masculinity and evil seem to go hand in hand.

Workplace Safety free essay sample

This is celebrated as the first time this number is coming below 1 million. Also reported is the incidence rate which decreased by 6 percent to 106 cases per 10,000 full-time workers in the private sector-a decline from 113 in 2008. There is really a momentum on workplace safety! Interestingly, the need to reduce incident at the work place is as important as reducing cost and growing the bottom-line of the business. The free online resource, WIKIPEDIA (2011), writes that workplace safety is the responsibility of management who will have the duty to establish a focus by ensuring commitment, accountability, education, and awareness among others. In an article by Health and Safety Executives UK (2010), it was noted that employees also have great role to play in ensuring that the work place is safe. People that do the job can recognize potential risks based on experience, put or suggest practical controls and make a commitment to safety in their workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Workplace Safety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some roles that we will need to play to make the work place safer include but not limited to the following 1. Discussions with our team to identify risk and measures to manage the risks. 2. Inform appropriate personnel about potential risks to safety during regular meetings or on an informal basis. 3. Support our team by developing their personal work skill and allowing some level of control and initiative so as to prevent stress which might increase the risk of incidents. 4. Actively review and ensure maintenance of Personal Safety Action Plan as agreed by the teams Some Roles I will play include 1. Objectively report abnormal and unsafe workplace behaviours and activities so as to find ways to prevent the occurrence of incidents. 2. The use of PPE as required by any task 3. I will ensure that permits are issued or available for high risk jobs. Where permits are not available for work requiring it, I will discuss with the units supervisor to understand the perceived gap and discuss ways to manage it. Reference 1. BUREAU FOR LABOUR STATISTICS. (2010).